Early Western travelers, whether to Persia, Turkey, India, or China,
would frequently remark on the absence of change in fashion there.
Observers from these other cultures commented on the unseemly pace of
Western fashion, which many felt suggested an instability and a lack of
order in Western culture[citation needed]. The Japanese Shogun's secretary boasted (not completely accurately) to a Spanish visitor in 1609 that Japanese clothing had not changed in over a thousand years.[4] However, there is considerable evidence in Ming China of rapidly changing fashions in Chinese clothing.[5] Changes in costume often took place at times of economic or social change, as occurred in ancient Rome and the medieval Caliphate, followed by a long period without major changes. In 8th-century Moorish Spain the musician Ziryab introduced to Córdoba[6][unreliable source?][7] sophisticated clothing-styles based on seasonal and daily fashions from his native Baghdad,
modified by his own inspiration. Similar changes in fashion occurred in
the 11th century in the Middle East following the arrival of the Turks, who introduced clothing styles from Central Asia and the Far East.[8]
The beginning in Europe of continual and increasingly rapid change in
clothing styles can be fairly reliably dated. Historians, including James Laver and Fernand Braudel, date the start of Western fashion in clothing to the middle of the 14th century.[9][10] The most dramatic early change in fashion was a sudden drastic shortening and tightening of the male over-garment from calf-length to barely covering the buttocks,
sometimes accompanied with stuffing in the chest to make it look
bigger. This created the distinctive Western outline of a tailored top
worn over leggings or trousers.
